Self-driving cars: Somewhere between Myth and Reality

Sarah Baranski, ,
credit to CIO.com
By Baranski Sarah, Pino Maillet Anais, Serrure Laura, Werlé Paul

Google, Apple, PSA, Tesla, Audi and others car brands are all going into the race of Autonomous vehicles for years now. However, if we take a closer look, this subject had never made the headlines! Warnings, issues, Big Data & AI… what may lie under the controversial subjects that make autonomous vehicles so complex? 

Who hasn’t dreamt of watching a movie or reading a book while driving? With the autonomous car this dream might come true!

Autonomous vehicles are designed to make traffic easier

Autonomous cars are vehicles capable of sensing their environment and navigating without human input. The first autonomous car appeared in the 80’s with some tests made by Mercedes Benz. 40 years later, when asked about the future of autonomous cars, the answer is quite obvious for some people.“Autonomous cars should not be an alternative, but a necessity. When cruise control first appeared, people were afraid. If today we have to buy a car without cruise control, it doesn’t make sense to us. It’s the same thing we are living today with the autonomous car. These capabilities are practical, useful, and will become necessary in the future”, said Tony Verschueren, Business Advisor at Tesla

“Today we can afford a level 2 out of 5 of autonomous car for our customers”
credit synopsys.com

In the current market Mr. Verschueren explains that not a single brand is selling a 100% autonomous car. Why? It mainly has to do with regulations.  In the field of autonomous cars, 5 levels of driving automation exist, and currently Tesla has reached the second one. Autonomous cars are more an option than anything else in the present day, and this option is charged 6.300€ in Tesla products.      

      

  “A 100% autonomous driving car could already come into being, if regulations allow it. It is really possible!”.

Tony Verschueren

In fact, autonomous vehicle designers try their best to develop a car as safe as possible. 

◉Safety at the core of the construction!

Proofs are given by Google with only 13 minor incidents out of 1,8 million miles travelled by its autonomous vehicles. According to Robert Hartwig, President of the Insurance Information Institute, there are 80% less traffic incidents thanks to autonomous cars.

         For John P. McDuffie, professor of Management in Wharton University of Pennsylvania, deaths from vehicle accidents consistently dropped from post-war period to 2015. One of the reasons why they start increasing again is distracted driving 

◉The car needs multiple factors to work correctly

Autonomous vehicles do not necessarily need to be connected to work, but they are more efficient if they can connect themselves with other road users, infrastructure networks and communication operators, in order to get more info. The more the autonomous cars drive, the more information they get thanks to the experience acquired. Nonetheless, their autonomy is limited. Indeed, these cars must remain in the previously established cartography range mapped by their designers. Otherwise, on unknown roads they do not know how to react.

Cars should be tested in real-life situations and not only on flat, nice, wide roads, according to Mr. McDuffie.

◉Maybe not 100% autonomous but 100% High Tech!

We should highlight that these autonomous vehicles work only thanks to many tools.  Sensors for instance are required for the car, but that is far from being it: Radars, Lidars (Light Detection and Ranging), Cameras, Ultrasound sensors and On-board computers must be included to have a potential autonomous car.

However, to link these high-tech materials one to another, data is essential for the creation of autonomous vehicles. Therefore, Tesla collects a lot of data about their clients. They collect more data in 1 day than what Google has collected since the launch of its autonomous vehicles in 2009. However, we realized in our survey that more than 80% of respondents are reluctant to buy those cars especially because of data collection. In that field Tesla isn’t the only one. Nowadays, Google prototype broadcasts 1Go of info every second! Big data is definitely linked to autonomous cars.

More than 106 people answered our survey and 81% are afraid of the data collection

To reassure people from this massive data-collection vision, we must highlight that: “Regulated in Europe, data collection is subject to the authorisation of the driver. We disable this by default, but if a user wishes to share the experiences that the autopilot and autonomous driving of the vehicle is able to store, we will be able to share this data for all vehicles so that they can become even safer”, said Mr. Verschueren.

          Nevertheless, it remains some darkness about these collections of data, what could feed some fears.

Some shortcomings raise ethical issues. Will these cars really protect the life of the users? 

◉Issues of different radars and incidents

Autonomous vehicles are supposed to lower the number of road incidents. In fact, human errors account for most of the driving incidents. However, many people want to keep control. Indeed, 65% of respondents to our survey gave grades lower than 4 out of 7 when asked how they would trust a 100% autonomous vehicle. These figures even became lower when we asked them about their trust on the car’s capability to save their life in case of emergency.  73% of people don’t trust it. It results on almost all the respondents wanting to be able to take the control of the car in case of emergency. It shows that there is still a long way to go for humans trusting machines. Paradoxically, around the half of them think autonomous cars could help reducing the numbers of road incidents.

Moreover, it seems that radars have difficulties to clearly identify a shape, lidars can be blinded by reflections, cameras by fog, exposure, or at night. Technology does not seem to be fully ready…

In 2018, 2 people died from driverless trips of Tesla and Uber. On the first case, sensors failed to see a bicycle and the driver was distracted, and on the other case, the car failed to clearly see the road due to a missing line.

◉The car may be hacked 

In addition to physical incidents, there are also trouble related to the hacking of data. Indeed, in 2015, two hackers showed that they could take control from miles away of a Fiat Chrysler car using its Uconnect software. The driver was not able to control anything, from the radio to the brakes. 

However, according to Mr. Verschueren: “Tesla has created its own TeslaOS operating system and hacks it every year to increase the security of their vehicles but none of the hacking attempts has yet managed to hack into the autonomous driving systems”. It shows how serious autonomous car developers take this hacking threat into account.

Laws and regulators try to respond to this concern

 ◉ Who should be protected? Who is the one to blame? 

For Tesla the question is a nonsense. An autonomous car will not be prepared to incident situations as they are not supposed to cause them. This assumption is reinforced by Jean-Gabriel Ganascia, specialized in AI. For him, autonomous car will limit incidents, not create them. 

However, when it comes to the question “who should be protected?”, there is a controversial subject.

         MIT’s ethical study about autonomous cars shows different tendencies according to countries. 3 groups exist: Countries from South, East and West. For example, countries from South including France, would rather save young people rather than old people contrary to countries from East. These differences are explained by economic and cultural factors. The dilemma above is to know whether to save a pedestrian or the passenger of the car in case of danger. Indeed, given the situation, one of them should be killed to save the other. This dilemma is at the earth of the ethical issues since the beginning of autonomous vehicles. To better have an idea over this dilemma, we asked a similar question in our survey. For only 30% of the respondents the car should save in priority the passengers over the pedestrians. The remaining 70% would rather want the car to save the pedestrians to the displeasure of the passengers.

◉Global issues of autonomous car regarding the law

To pursue the question of the ethical dilemma raised by autonomous cars, we interviewed a jurist and professor of law at Grenoble School of Management, Mr Emmanuel Auvergne.

When we asked him at first “Are you in favour of such a project, given the ethical issues it may raise?” his answer was “I’m not in favour of the traffic as it is. This traffic would mix autonomous cars and cars driven by people who don’t necessarily respect the rules of the road. How to combine vehicles that will follow certain parameters while other vehicles will be randomly driven by people?”. He added that obviously since the activity is new, some adjustments are necessary. 

Indeed, France, Germany and the USA allow more and more the existence of autonomous cars, through new regulations, but currently it is for experimental purposes. Moreover, the contract between a dealership of autonomous car and a driver does not have to be the same as a simple sales contract. The dealership has to prove that the driver is well informed on behavioral characteristics of his vehicle and its programming as well as a proof of the driver’s consent.

◉ Big data and law regulation

At first Big Data represents the capture and exploitation of massive amounts of data with an algorithm. For autonomous vehicles, data that would be collected would include passengers’ identity, details on departure and arrival point, date and time of the trip, speed, payment means, in addition to the record of audio and video data outside and inside the vehicle to prevent incident risk. Thus, it raises tremendous conflict of interests between constructors who want to keep a hand on data and other actors who want an access to sell drivers new services. The complexity is between the car constructor, who needs the data access to prevent risk and ensure safety, and insurance companies for instance which want these data to suggest new services and overall to know better about their clients.

credit to Globb security fr

If few are the ones that think autonomous vehicles would not make their trips way easier in our survey, only 58.9% of the respondents would actually buy an autonomous vehicle. For the remaining ones, the main cause is the excessive use of data.  Indeed, in addition to insurance companies, data could also be tracked by advertisers that will be able to broadcast their ads directly on the dashboard of the car.

For that matter, when we asked E.Auvergne if it would be possible to sue the car manufacturer for this inappropriate use of data he answered  “In my opinion, yes, but these are existing rules which, under certain conditions, prohibit the use of personal data”. Digging deeper into the subject, in Europe, the notion of “security by default” becomes a new fundamental pillar of private data protection. Therefore, cybersecurity represents a challenge for companies.  To protect people from this cyber-hacking, in 2016 two bills proposed by senators in Michigan,US made autonomous car hacking punishable by life imprisonment.

We thus see how controversial the subject of autonomous vehicles is. From the construction to the self-driving, several obstacles exist which prevent from a fully 100% autonomous vehicle to exist yet. Besides, the main dilemmas remain the use of data as well as security and trust between the customers and those cars. In a world in constant change with a progressive use of data in our everyday-life tools, shouldn’t we get used to it? Information gathering is now present in all technologies and websites, and Autonomous cars require huge collection of information about the individual. 

“We have to know what we want! We want the Internet, TV, microwave but we want to consume less energy. It’s not compatible. It’s the same thing, if we want to drive an autonomous car (it’s true that it allows us to do other things while we’re commuting, like in the train), we have to accept the consequences.” 

Claims, Mr. Auvergne 

The message is clear, you cannot have your cake and eat it too! Sacrifices and concessions will be required for these futurist cars.

10 987 commentaires

    1. Raising otc drugs for ed his brows, he didn t expect that Jiang Chao, who was in front of him, didn t know what exercises he practiced, and he was much stronger than before cialis price Fallopian tube occlusion was diagnosed in 82

      Répondre

    1. viagra gabapentin oral solution usp monograph BEIJING HONG KONG China reiterated its opposition on Thursday to a European Union plan to limit airline carbon dioxide emissions and called for talks to resolve the issue a day after its major airlines refused to pay any carbon costs under the new law cialis generic online Cells after treatment with ER ligands were similarly examined by microscopy and quantified

      Répondre

    1. There s this misconception that drinking an excessive amount of water leading up to a drug test can dilute your urine enough so the test won t pick up on any substances in your system zithromax coupon tell your doctor if you have or have ever had heart, liver, or kidney disease

      Répondre

    1. There is usually well documented knowledge of the hazards of working in certain industries, though the specific nature of these hazards, and their extent, sometimes remains poorly defined buy cialis professional dexamethasone will decrease the level or effect of nicardipine by affecting hepatic intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism

      Répondre

    1. Clindamycin and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole TMP SMX are recommended for outpatient treatment of abscesses because of their low cost and in vitro activity against community associated MRSA and methicillin susceptible strains, 5 but data on their safety and efficacy are limited buy cialis online reviews Patients who do not demonstrate significant obstruction based on findings from these studies or those with equivocal results may only need less invasive and less expensive therapies

      Répondre

    1. viagra nexium sobres pediatrico para que sirve The survey forms part of a larger study called DECIDE, which is a five year collaborative project funded by the European Commission s Seventh Framework Programme, and is designed to research and improve the way healthcare evidence and recommendations are presented in clinical guidelines canadian pharmacy cialis He picked up a big man, low blood pressure oral medication waved his hand and slapped him in adverse effects with temeric and blood pressure pills the face

      Répondre

    1. However, adverse reactions seen more commonly in pediatric patients included pyrexia 61, arthralgia 26, hypocalcemia 22 and headache 22 order cialis He casually brushed the messy hair on blood pressure medication consistenecy his forehead and stood up staggeringly

      Répondre

    1. Varying patient height to a comfortable level and using the Trendelenburg position appropriately should make the resection easier and more comfortable and can facilitate visualization cialis generic name Boxed area is enlarged to depict targeted arrowheads and untargeted arrows Remak Schwann cells bottom

      Répondre

    1. Side effects can limit women s adherence and continuation of endocrine therapy and these side effects vary across women buy cialis generic Achetez GГ©nГ©rique Priligy 30 mg Suisse Dapoxetine En Pharmacie Acheter Priligy En Ligne Avec Paypal Buy Priligy Wholesale Le Moins Cher Priligy En Ligne Priligy Ou Acheter Forum Ou Acheter Priligy En Ligne Forum Acheter Du Vrai GГ©nГ©rique Priligy Dapoxetine BГўle Acheter Priligy Internet Canada GГ©nГ©rique Priligy Dapoxetine Le Moins Cher En Ligne Acheter Du Vrai GГ©nГ©rique Priligy Dapoxetine Berne Pas Cher 60 mg Priligy Commande En Ligne Dapoxetine Acheter Priligy En France En Ligne Achat Veritable Dapoxetine Ou Acheter Priligy Au Maroc Acheter Priligy Securite Ou Acheter Du Priligy 60 mg En France Bas Prix 60 mg Priligy Acheter Priligy 30 mg En Ligne Au Maroc Achat Priligy 30 mg En Ligne Pas Cher Acheter Du Vrai Priligy Prix Le Moins Cher Bas Prix Priligy Dapoxetine GГ©nГ©rique Acheter Du Priligy 60 mg En Ligne France Le Moins Cher Priligy GГ©nГ©rique Achetez GГ©nГ©rique Priligy 60 mg Berne Ordonner GГ©nГ©rique Priligy Dapoxetine Angleterre Achetez GГ©nГ©rique Priligy Dapoxetine Bordeaux Achetez Priligy Dapoxetine Bas Prix Acheter GГ©nГ©rique Priligy France Commander 90 mg Priligy Peu CoГ»teux Sans Ordonnance Acheter Dapoxetine Generique En Suisse GГ©nГ©rique Priligy Dapoxetine Le Moins Cher Achat Priligy Pharmacie Sans Ordonnance Pharmacie En Ligne Dapoxetine GГ©nГ©rique 60 mg Priligy Vente GГ©nГ©rique Priligy Prix France Priligy Acheter Du Vrai Priligy Pharmacie En Ligne SГ©rieuse Acheter Du Priligy 30 mg En France GГ©nГ©rique Priligy Commander Acheter GГ©nГ©rique 90 mg Priligy Canada Achat Dapoxetine Avec Mastercard

      Répondre

    1. Patients should be given strict instructions on what to avoid in their diet cialis online generic Standard treatment was gemcitabine, and targeted therapy was matched as follows HER2 amplified, gemcitabine trastuzumab; DNA damage repair gene mutation, 5 FU mitomycin C; and KRAS wild type, gemcitabine erlotinib

      Répondre

  185. Do you have a spam issue on this blog; I also am a blogger, and I was curious about your situation; many of us have developed some nice procedures
    and we are looking to trade methods with other folks, be sure
    to shoot me an email if interested.

    Répondre

  190. Do you mind if I quote a couple of your articles as long as
    I provide credit and sources back to your website?

    My blog is in the very same area of interest as yours and my users would really benefit from a lot of the information you present here.
    Please let me know if this okay with you. Many thanks!

    Répondre

    1. Therapy with Penicillin G Potassium Injection, USP may be initiated before results of such tests are known when there is reason to believe the infection may involve any of the organisms listed below; however, once these results become available, appropriate therapy should be continued cheap generic cialis

      Répondre

  191. Hmm it looks like your blog ate my first comment (it was super long) so I
    guess I’ll just sum it up what I wrote and say, I’m thoroughly enjoying your blog.
    I as well am an aspiring blog writer but I’m still new to everything.
    Do you have any helpful hints for newbie blog writers?
    I’d certainly appreciate it.

    Répondre

  198. Magnificent beat ! I would like to apprentice while you amend your site, how could i subscribe for a blog web
    site? The account aided me a acceptable deal. I had been a little bit acquainted of this your
    broadcast provided bright clear idea

    Répondre

  202. Thank you for another fantastic article. The place else
    may just anyone get that type of info in such an ideal approach
    of writing? I have a presentation subsequent week, and I’m at the search for such information.

    Répondre

  203. Thanks for your personal marvelous posting! I genuinely enjoyed reading it, you’re a great author.I will ensure that I bookmark your blog and will often come
    back later in life. I want to encourage you continue
    your great writing, have a nice holiday weekend!

    Répondre

    1. hair loss with tamoxifen Specifically, we describe breast cancer treatments prior to tamoxifen s development; the initial development of tamoxifen from 1960 to 1973; tamoxifen s adoption as an adjuvant breast cancer treatment between 1973 and 1985; and the extension of tamoxifen s use to include preventative treatment, between 1986 and 2002

      Répondre

    1. Although IL12B was found to be associated with OS and with BCSS, also reported as possibly associated in the previous publication 48, we were not able to replicate this finding using the two studies, which were smaller than the discovery sample viagra cialis online Support Care Cancer 12 7 503 10, 2004

      Répondre

    1. It s not uncommon for a provider to prescribe someone Metformin and Clomid together; while a small percentage of women are helped by just Metformin, the two medications together have a higher success rate than either medication alone tadalista vs cialis Tolazamide Tolazamide The metabolism of Tolazamide can be decreased when combined with Tamoxifen

      Répondre

    1. The Giants have a long standing policy of not letting their head coach go into the final year of a contract as a Гў lame duck, Гў so whether or not they extend the deal after this season could be a hint at CoughlinГў s future plans purchase cialis Anabolic androgenic steroids have been associated with adverse effects on the liver, cardiovascular system, reproductive system, and psychological status; the use of anabolic androgenic steroids is contrary to the rules and ethical principles of athletic competition

      Répondre

    2. pyridostigmine finasteride mk ecuador Гў They attempted to introduce other foils for co star Jack Albertson, eventually introducing a storyline that revealed, vaguely, that PrinzeГў s character has died, but ratings dwindled and the show was cancelled soon after, Гў Huver said cialis generic 5mg

      Répondre

    1. A 50 year old man with relapsed Hodgkin s lymphoma was evaluated for persistent dry cough and mild dyspnea with exertion 1 month after an admission for fever, cough, and bilateral infiltrates Figure 1 generic cialis online optimal conditions for CRISPR knockout screens, the Bassik lab created a human knockout library that has 10

      Répondre

    1. He immediately laughed and said, On the ground lower blood pressure before test of the Principality of Ron, of course you have to be careful where to buy cialis online In certain embodiments, the composition provided herein comprises about 55, about 54, about 53, about 52, about 51, about 50, about 49, about 48, about 47, about 46, or about 45 by weight of one or more excipients

      Répondre

    1. Bottle pack of 30 tablets NDC 64679 571 01 Bottle pack of 500 tablets NDC 64679 571 02 Unit dose pack of 100 tablets NDC 64679 571 03 Bottle pack of 60 tablets NDC 64679 571 04 cialis price Clomiphene citrate CC, a novel molecule which was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1961 for ovarian stimulation, has been used successfully throughout the world

      Répondre

  362. Good day! I know this is kinda off topic however , I’d figured I’d ask. Would you be interested in trading links or maybe guest authoring a blog article or vice-versa? My website goes over a lot of the same subjects as yours and I feel we could greatly benefit from each other. If you are interested feel free to shoot me an email. I look forward to hearing from you! Superb blog by the way!|

    Répondre
  405. Ping : bar crawl sex games